Chapter 1

Introduction

Welcome to Chapter 1 of Islamic Studies for Class 10. This chapter delves into the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), his mission, and his legacy.

Early Life

Birth and Childhood

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca in the year 570 AD. His father, Abdullah, passed away before his birth, and his mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. He was then raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle.

Character and Behavior

Even in his youth, Muhammad (PBUH) was known for his honesty, trustworthiness, and compassion. He earned the title 'Al-Amin' (the trustworthy) from his community.

Prophethood

Revelation

At the age of 40, Muhammad (PBUH) received his first revelation from Allah through the Angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira near Mecca. This marked the beginning of his prophethood and the mission to spread the message of Islam.

Challenges and Opposition

Muhammad (PBUH) faced opposition from the Quraysh tribe and others who resisted the message of monotheism and social justice. Despite persecution, he continued to preach Islam's message of compassion, justice, and equality.

Migration to Medina

Hijrah

In 622 AD, due to escalating persecution, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers migrated to Medina, known as the Hijrah. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and demonstrated the resilience and unity of the early Muslim community.

Establishing the Islamic State

In Medina, Muhammad (PBUH) established an Islamic state based on principles of justice, compassion, and equality. He drafted the Constitution of Medina, which guaranteed rights and protections for all residents, regardless of faith.

Final Years and Legacy

Farewell Pilgrimage

In 632 AD, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed his farewell pilgrimage to Mecca, where he delivered his famous sermon, emphasizing the importance of unity, brotherhood, and the sanctity of human life.

Death

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away in 632 AD in Medina, leaving behind a legacy of profound spiritual and moral teachings that continue to inspire millions around the world.

Conclusion

The life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serves as a beacon of guidance and inspiration for Muslims worldwide. His teachings on faith, compassion, justice, and unity remain relevant and continue to shape the lives of believers in the modern age.

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